[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5%||5%||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ width=”100%” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n
<\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n The ontology evolves around the central notion of\u00a0<\/span>Activity<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0(i.e. a biological experiment, an archeological excavation, a medical survey, etc.), capturing its various perspectives:\u00a0<\/span>Resource<\/em><\/strong>, comprising concepts such as\u00a0<\/span>ContentItem<\/em>\u00a0(i.e. bibliographic references, articles, figures, tables, equations, etc.),\u00a0<\/span>Topic<\/em>, etc. that model what is produced, used or documents an activity;\u00a0<\/span>Procedure<\/em><\/strong>, comprising the\u00a0<\/span>Methods<\/em>\u00a0(i.e. procedures) that describe how an activity is conducted; and\u00a0<\/span>Agency<\/em><\/strong>, comprising concepts such as\u00a0<\/span>Actors<\/em>\u00a0or\u00a0<\/span>Goals<\/em>, that model who is participating in the activities or why they are conducted.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/SO_Overview_Rectangle.svg” title_text=”SO_Overview_Rectangle” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”100px” custom_margin=”45px|||||” custom_padding=”|||10%|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” transform_styles__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_scale__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_translate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_rotate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_skew__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_origin__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_scale__hover=”120%|120%” sticky_enabled=”0″ align=”right”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#3D005B” divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”20%” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_5,2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ActivityPerspective.svg” title_text=”ActivityPerspective” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”100px” custom_margin=”45px|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” transform_scale__hover=”120%|120%” transform_scale__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_styles__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_translate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_rotate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_skew__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_origin__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#0a0a0a” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Activities are intentional acts carried out by instances of the\u00a0<\/span>Actor<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>class; they have duration, and occur at a specific time and place. They are real processes, as opposed to plans, or procedures for carrying out processes.\u00a0<\/span>Projects<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>Courses<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>are two kinds of activity of particular interest in the scholarly domain that warrant specialized descriptions and are represented as subclasses of\u00a0<\/span>Activity<\/em>.<\/p>\n Scholalry Ontology distinguishes three broad kinds of object involvement in an activity: input, output and tool. These are further specialized by the properties\u00a0<\/span>produces<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>uses<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>isDocumentedIn<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>regarding the involvement of information resources and the properties\u00a0<\/span>triggeredBy<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>hasObjective<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>resultIn<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>regarding the involvement of assertions or their specializations.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#3D005B” divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”20%” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5%||5%||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ width=”100%” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Like in business process modelling, we distinguish between the procedure that prescribes how to perform a specific act and the act itself. In SO procedures or \u2018recipes\u2019 are captured by the\u00a0<\/span>Method<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>class, while acts are captured by the\u00a0<\/span>Activity<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>class. A method\u00a0<\/span>hasDescription<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>explaining what it does,\u00a0<\/span>isEmployedIn<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>an activity,\u00a0<\/span>isEmployedBy<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>actors,\u00a0<\/span>comesFrom<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>some discipline, may be\u00a0<\/span>influencedBy<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>a school of thought, be\u00a0<\/span>referencedIn<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>bibliography (a content item), or\u00a0<\/span>taughtIn<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>some courses. A structured description of a method is enabled by the\u00a0<\/span>hasPart<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>property yielding a recursive analysis into steps and the previous property establishing causal ordering of steps.<\/p>\n A method may\u00a0<\/span>prescribe<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>specific information resource types for inputs and outputs, media types as formats and tools. Finally, methods are designed to\u00a0<\/span>address<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>specific goals and\u00a0<\/span>treat<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>-through their employment- specific research questions.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/MethodPerspective.svg” title_text=”MethodPerspective” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”100px” custom_margin=”45px|||||” custom_padding=”|||10%|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” transform_styles__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_scale__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_translate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_rotate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_skew__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_origin__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_scale__hover=”120%|120%” sticky_enabled=”0″ align=”right”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#3D005B” divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”20%” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/AgencyPerspective.svg” title_text=”AgencyPerspective” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”100px” custom_margin=”45px|||||” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” transform_scale__hover=”120%|120%” transform_scale__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_styles__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_translate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_rotate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_skew__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_origin__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#0a0a0a” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The agency perspective captures the \u2018who\u2019 and \u2018why\u2019 aspects of the domain by focusing on goals of actors and the intentional context of other relationships. Existing ontologies such as\u00a0<\/span>FOAF<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>SiOC<\/a>\u00a0<\/span>can be reused in conjunction with SO in order to capture the social and community aspects of actors. This can be achieved by further specializing the corresponding SO concepts:\u00a0<\/span>Person<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>Group<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>Project<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>Topic<\/em>,\u00a0<\/span>ActorRole<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>InformationResource<\/em>.<\/p>\n Actors\u2019 goals constitute the\u00a0<\/span>objectiveOf<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>activities and can be\u00a0<\/span>addressedBy<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>instances of\u00a0<\/span>Method<\/em>. In addition, they can be further decomposed into more refined goals or be dependent upon other goals as indicated by the\u00a0<\/span>comprises<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>and\u00a0<\/span>dependsOn<\/em>\u00a0<\/span>properties respectively. Thus the notion of goal captures the successive refinement from high-level objectives down to narrower goals, as well as the manifestation of chains of dependency among goals.<\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”0px||0px||true|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider color=”#3D005B” divider_position=”center” divider_weight=”2px” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” width=”20%” module_alignment=”center” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”5%||5%||true|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ width=”100%” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” sticky_enabled=”0″]<\/p>\n <\/span><\/p>\n Any conceptual object that has a concrete representation, borne by man-made carriers, is considered as a unit of information, independently of those carriers (paper, hard disk, etc.) and is treated as a resource that can be characterized by its topic, type, and format or be described by a set of metadata. In addition, information resources can be used as inputs or outputs of activities.\u00a0InformationResourceType<\/em>, and\u00a0MediaType<\/em>\u00a0constitute controlled vocabularies describing the type and format of information resources and can be imported from authorities, such as the\u00a0Marc21<\/a>\u00a0bibliographic standard and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA<\/a>). Instances of\u00a0InformationResource<\/em>\u00a0can be grouped in aggregations and modelled through the use of an established data model, such as\u00a0OAI-ORE<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/ResourcePerspective.svg” title_text=”ResourcePerspective” force_fullwidth=”on” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” min_height=”100px” custom_margin=”45px|||||” custom_padding=”|||10%|false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” transform_styles__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_scale__hover_enabled=”on|hover” transform_translate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_rotate__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_skew__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_origin__hover_enabled=”on|desktop” transform_scale__hover=”120%|120%” sticky_enabled=”0″ align=”right”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Scholarly Ontology Rationale The ontology evolves around the central notion of\u00a0Activity\u00a0(i.e. a biological experiment, an archeological excavation, a medical survey, etc.), capturing its various perspectives:\u00a0Resource, comprising concepts such as\u00a0ContentItem\u00a0(i.e. bibliographic references, articles, figures, tables, equations, etc.),\u00a0Topic, etc. that model what is produced, used or documents an activity;\u00a0Procedure, comprising the\u00a0Methods\u00a0(i.e. procedures) that describe how an activity […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-32","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=32"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182,"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/32\/revisions\/182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scholarlyontology.aueb.gr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=32"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Rationale<\/span><\/h4>\n
Activity Perspective<\/h4>\n
Procedure perspective<\/span><\/h4>\n
Agency Perspective<\/h4>\n
Resource perspective<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n